John Q Adams :: American History

John Q AdamsJohn Adams had three remarkable careers in his lifetime. One as an enemy of British oppression and champion of independence. As an American diplomat in Europe and as the first vice-president and second president of the United States. His diary, letters and speeches showed him to be very patriotic, a stong family man and tough-minded philosopher. Adams was born in Quincy, Mass. on October 30, 1735. He was born in a small house that is still standing and open to visitors. His father was a Deacon and fifth propagation farmer. His parents were both fond of reading, wrote John and give him a good education. He became the first of his family to go to college when he entered Harvard in 1751. For the next six years he read intensly while he taught school and studied law in Boston. In 1762 he began a fourteen year successful law career. In 1761 he began to think, write and act against British oppression and for the right of colonies to self-government. He was patriotic and held m any local offices. In 1770 he insured that the British soldiers criminate of the Boston Massacre received a fair hearing. He defended the soldiers at their trial. He spoke out against mob violence and other forms of social disintegration. In 1774 to 1776 Adams was a deligate to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia. He was a champion of American rights in Congress and helped draft the Declaration of Independence. John Adams presidency that lasted from 1797 to 1801 was a troubled one. Adams made many contri only whenions during his term. He gave the Government stability by continuing practices established under Washington. The crisis he faced was the difficult relations with France.When in the XYZ affair peace commissioners retuned from Paris with stories of bribery and deceit, Adams built up the armed forces and took many national security measures. Jefferson and the Republicans and Hamilton and some Federalists wanted war with France for economic reasons, but Adams kept his ner ve and when the opportunity was there he sent another peace commissioner to France and defused the crisis. Because of his opponents, he has forced out of office after one term. by and by his presidency, he and his wife Abigail moved back to Mass.

Music Censorship :: essays research papers

Music CensorshipAlthough is clearly states in the first amendment that Congress shall make no law respecting an insane asylum of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press or the right of the people to peaceably assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances, censorship in America still exists in a big way. Music censorship is the term used to describe the act of editing, altering, or preventing the listener from hearing the music as the artist created it in order to either deny certain information or to act as a moral gatekeeper of potentially harmful material (http//www.cwrl.utexas.edu/barndollar/courses/spring98/students/fabfive/index.html). The Censorship of music in the United Stated is documented as far back as 1954, when Michigan congresswoman Ruth Thompson introduces a bill in the House that would ban mailing of any pornographic recording, punishable by five eld imprisonment and a $ 5,000 fine (http//ericnuzum.com/banned/fifties.html). Even Elvis Aaron Presley, The King of rock-n-roll was once thought of as obscene. In 1957, when he appeared on the Ed Sullivan say for the third time, the cameramen were told to only film him from the waist up. Elviss dancing was considered lewd (http//ericnuzum.com/banned/fifties.html). In 1964, Indiana Governor Matthew Welsh asks the State Broadcasters fellowship to ban the song Louie, Louie by the Kingsmen because he considers it to be pornographic. (http//ericnuzum.com/banned/fifties.html). This trend has continued all the way up to the nineties, and Im sure it wint stop any time soon. In the past ten years especially, music has been under attack by many law makers, prosecutors and critics of worship and good taste. One attack on this freedom comes from agnate advisory stickers. These stickers are used as a form of censorship against an artist and their lyrics. If a label will produce an album, I dont think there should be any rea son that the consumer cant decide for him or herself if lyrics contained in the album are found obscene or otherwise unsuitable. In order to begin the debate on whether or not parental advisory stickers serve as a form of censorship, one must consider what the word censor implies. The word censor means the power to beat publications or excise any matter in them thought to be immoral, seditious or otherwise undesirables(Webster Dictionary 227). The question of what constitutes proper language and lampblack has been greatly forced upon the music industry.

Aeronautical Engineers Essay example -- Papers

Aeronautical Engineers Description Aeronautical engineers apply the principle of science and technology in work with highly sophisticated products such as aircrafts, missiles and space satellites. They ordinarily specialise in research, design manufacture and production, or the management of upkeep programs Qualifications required The usual qualifications for entry into this career is a detail. However, it may be possible to enter with an HND or HNC. Entry to a relevant engineering degree with * 2/3 A-levels with GCSEs (A-C) 2/3 in other subjects * A relevant GCSE in a vocational subject or Intermediate GNVQ may be acceptable as an alternative to academic GCSEs * At A level, Maths and Physics are often preferred and may be essential. homogeneous qualifications such as an Edexcel (BTEC) or National Certificate or National Diploma or a Vocational A level (Advanced GNVQ) may be acceptable, it may also b advisable to chec k the prospectus. 1 A-level with 4 GCSEs (A-C). At A level, maths or physics is preferred. Again, equivalent qualifications are usually acceptable. Skills and Qualities necessary * You must be able to combine an analytical, logical approach with creativity and imaginations to solve problems * Engineers must be able to work as break of a team. The ability to encourage other peoples ideas is important, and you must aslope be flexible and able to compromise. You will need strong communication skills to write reports and to develop complex engineering information to people from non-technical backgrounds. * You will need organisationa... ...rlines, the Armed Forces and the Ministry of Defence. Some Aeronautical Engineers apply their knowledge of Aeronautical in other areas, for example, in companies that make vehicles such as cares, trains and hovercrafts. You can also work in the communication industry, dealing with satellites, or in construction, dealing with high, winds blown structures. Contacts EMTA, Engineering Careers selective information Service (ECIS), Emta House, 14 Upton Road, Watford, Hertfordshire WD18 0JT. (Freephone 0800 282167) Telephone 01923 238441 Email ecisemta.org.uk Website www. Enginuity.org.uk Employer Engineering and Physicals Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1ET (Award) Telephone 01793 444100 Email infolineepsrc.ac.uk Website www. epsrc.ac.uk

Mary J. Blige †The Magic of Share My World :: Music

Mary J. Blige The Magic of Share My WorldEvery explorer names his island Formosa, beautiful. To him it is beautiful because, being first, he has access to it and can see it for what it is. But to no one else is it ever as beautiful- except the rare man who manages to recover it, who knows that it has to be recovered. -Walker Percy, The Loss of the putzAn island. Hmmm, my island. My island on which I will do nothing but sit and admire the beauty and serenity of nature at work around me. A catch. One disc. One piece of music so wonderful, so captivating, that I will listen to it for hours upon end. My disc will signify life- and love. It will be a window to the complex world of who I am. To me it will represent who, and what, I have left behind the things which I value and care deeply about. In my life, that it is love. Above all else, love is what makes my world go round. Joy, anticipation, excitement, longing, sadness, and pain I want to be able to experience these essential feelin gs until the day I die. Hardships and triumph alike. It sounds impossible, I know. But there is a disc. There is an artist who captures all of this and a little more in her music. Should I be left on a desert island, Mary J. Blige and her album Share My World are what I would choose to take with me. Stand on my shoulders for a little while. perk up Mary J. through my untrained, childish eyes. Let her be discovered by you, vicariously through me.I was probably only twelve years grey when it started, a time when bike riding and rolling your jeans were the cool thing to do. I was at an impressionable age, and I was trying to grow up. I cherished to be just like all the high school girls who went racing through my neighborhood in their sporty little cars, music blaring from the windows. On that particular afternoon, I was sitting in the grass next to my mailbox waiting for my friend in the next neighborhood to ride over. I hear the bass first. I didnt see anything yet- but I hear, far off, a distinct beat. I liked it already. As the noise got closer, I realized it was a song.Mary J. Blige The Magic of Share My World MusicMary J. Blige The Magic of Share My WorldEvery explorer names his island Formosa, beautiful. To him it is beautiful because, being first, he has access to it and can see it for what it is. But to no one else is it ever as beautiful- except the rare man who manages to recover it, who knows that it has to be recovered. -Walker Percy, The Loss of the wildcatAn island. Hmmm, my island. My island on which I will do nothing but sit and admire the beauty and serenity of nature at work around me. A catch. One disc. One piece of music so wonderful, so captivating, that I will listen to it for hours upon end. My disc will signify life- and love. It will be a window to the complex world of who I am. To me it will represent who, and what, I have left behind the things which I value and care deeply about. In my life, that it is love. Above all else, love is what makes my world go round. Joy, anticipation, excitement, longing, sadness, and pain I want to be able to experience these essential feelings until the day I die. Hardships and gladness alike. It sounds impossible, I know. But there is a disc. There is an artist who captures all of this and a little more in her music. Should I be left on a desert island, Mary J. Blige and her album Share My World are what I would choose to take with me. Stand on my shoulders for a little while. conform to Mary J. through my untrained, childish eyes. Let her be discovered by you, vicariously through me.I was probably only twelve years old when it started, a time when bike riding and rolling your jeans were the cool thing to do. I was at an impressionable age, and I was trying to grow up. I wanted to be just like all the high school girls who went racing through my neighborhood in their sporty little cars, music blaring from the windows. On that particular afternoon, I was sitting in th e grass next to my mailbox waiting for my friend in the next neighborhood to ride over. I heard the bass first. I didnt see anything yet- but I heard, far off, a distinct beat. I liked it already. As the noise got closer, I realized it was a song.

Elbow or Shoulder Pain and Professional Baseball Pitchers :: essays papers

Elbow or Shoulder Pain and Professional Baseball PitchersIts fair to say that a good baseball game can lie in the hands of the pitcher. According to an article by the American daybook of Sports Medicine, 50 percent of professional baseball pitchers experience elbow or shoulder pain due to the way they throw the ball. Because not much look has been done on professional baseball athletes, the purpose of this publication was to find at what point in the pitchers proficiency does most of the upon occur. The study began by taking 40 pro-baseball pitchers, all ranging from the age of 23-33 years old with relatively the same height and weight. Also, thirty-two of the 40 selected are right(a) dominant. Then they placed 3 cameras in different parts of the field. These cameras would take still frames of the pitchers and their technique when throwing the ball. They found that at the point where there is maximum rotation (aka the cocking phase) the distraction force was low. Also, it was st ated that because of the elbow angle at foot stride and ball release that the shoulder joint was affected more so than at any other time. Finally, in order to understand why the injuries occur we should learn the joint ranges of motion so we can develop fracture preventive methods for injuries.I dont believe that this article is very reliable, because the way the chose their subject wasnt very scientifical. First, The range of age is too broad, and it doesnt mention how long the pitcher has been in the sport. For example, the could have chosen a 23 year old with a good arm, but bad technique compared to a 33 year old who has been pitching for years and has loosened the ligaments in his arm. Also, they selected 32 that were right-hand dominant. That became the majority. I believe that the data would be scathe if the numbers of right-handed to left-handed pitchers werent equal, because they are the control group in the experiment, which makes the variable the pitchers technique. Ove rall, this experiment shouldnt be considered a reference for students or others to depend on.When it comes to the relevancy of this article to the field of athletic training, I believe that it is somewhat helpful. In order to understand and prevent injuries, an athletic trainer moldiness understand why and how the injuries happen.

Elbow or Shoulder Pain and Professional Baseball Pitchers :: essays papers

Elbow or Shoulder Pain and Professional Baseball PitchersIts fair to say that a good baseball game can lie in the hands of the pitcher. According to an article by the American diary of Sports Medicine, 50 percent of professional baseball pitchers experience elbow or shoulder pain due to the way they throw the ball. Because not much explore has been done on professional baseball athletes, the purpose of this publication was to find at what point in the pitchers proficiency does most of the price occur. The study began by taking 40 pro-baseball pitchers, all ranging from the age of 23-33 years old with relatively the same height and weight. Also, thirty-two of the 40 selected are right wing dominant. Then they placed 3 cameras in different parts of the field. These cameras would take still frames of the pitchers and their technique when throwing the ball. They found that at the point where there is maximum rotation (aka the cocking phase) the distraction force was low. Also, it was stated that because of the elbow angle at foot stride and ball release that the shoulder joint was affected more so than at any other time. Finally, in order to understand why the injuries occur we should learn the joint ranges of motion so we can develop bust preventive methods for injuries.I dont believe that this article is very reliable, because the way the chose their subject wasnt very scientifical. First, The range of age is too broad, and it doesnt mention how long the pitcher has been in the sport. For example, the could have chosen a 23 year old with a good arm, but bad technique compared to a 33 year old who has been pitching for years and has loosened the ligaments in his arm. Also, they selected 32 that were right-hand dominant. That became the majority. I believe that the data would be price if the numbers of right-handed to left-handed pitchers werent equal, because they are the control group in the experiment, which makes the variable the pitchers technique. Overa ll, this experiment shouldnt be considered a reference for students or others to depend on.When it comes to the relevancy of this article to the field of athletic training, I believe that it is somewhat helpful. In order to understand and prevent injuries, an athletic trainer must understand why and how the injuries happen.

Difference Between Leadership and Management Essay

What is lead? What is management? leadership and management ar two words that ar considered synonymous but describe two distinct concepts. Both are needed in a successful organization. leadership and management to bushelher lead build and maintain a successful organization. Interest in leadership in the American culture increased in the early twentieth carbon and continues to development in context. Behavioral theories evolved to todays transformational leadership and visionary leadership. All the theories are attempting to identify leadership traits and behaviors.Leadership Term penning distilIf the voice of functions is vital in matters of self-control, how much more significant must it be in connection with social control and leadership. If character varies from situation to situation, thus it is fair to assume that leadership likewise varies. Consistency of behavior is doubtless a leadership trait, but behavior may vary according to situations, correct on the part of any person. A person may be generally consistent in some situations and inconsistent in others. It is apparently necessary, therefore, to submit situations in relation to personality reactions in order to account for ability, or for failure, to lead.Leadership Term Papers ExcerptSituational leadership often explains leadership unevenness. A person may use leadership technique in a situation for which it is non intended with the result that it does not work well, or it fails. all(prenominal) after dinner speaker has told more than one joke which he thought appropriate but which fell flat, because there were situational factors that the speaker did not suspect. Whenever a situation contains factors that a leader does not take into consideration, his leadership is endangered. A wise leader knows his situations, or else his leadership displays much unevenness.Leadership Research Paper ExcerptThe situational nature of leadership explains why a leader sometimes provems to contradict himself and to act like a hypocrite even though he loathes hypocrisy. It often happens, as any leader in an administrative position can testify, that a person may act sincerely and honestly in each of two different situations and find that he has contradicted himself, simply because the two situations are contradictory in certain particulars. Loyalty in one situation may contradict loyalty in another. A leader who desires to please is especially subject to this dilemma.Leadership vs. ManagementThere are several distinctions among thoughts of management and leadership some of the key points are discussed below. I believe that effective management ceases to cause its potential without respected leadership. Although leadership and management are necessary ingredients to creating actualized organizations. 1.Management implements the structures and tasks to create a holistic team of productive employees, while leadership sets the vision and creates an atmosphere where the teams commit to the mission and are encouraged to reach their potential. Management is more of a hands-on approach to reckon leaderships vision and strategy is in congruence with the companies operations. One of the goals of management is to ensure the organization effectively deploys of resources. One of the major goals of leadership is to assist customers and employees to understand the values and mission of the organization while having the responsibility of ensuring those constituencies are committed to the organizations value offering.I tactual sensation that leadership responsibility is to identify what the change initiatives need to be in conjunction with employees, customers and suppliers while managements responsibility is to ensure effective murder of those initiatives. According to Senge profound change initiatives invariability lead people to a heightened sense of meaning and ambition. Leadership has the responsibility to ensure the opportunity for meaning and aspiration occur within the organization, great leaders strive to continually inspire such. Management has the opportunity to see to it that meaning and aspiration is actually being achieved while leadership creates the atmosphere for it to thrive.1.Management challenges the vision of the company, which was created by leadership as to ensure the desired results are being achieved, while leadership identifies continual opportunities for a great vision. According to Nonaka (quoted from Dance of Change), A company is not a machine but a existent organism. Much like an individual, it can have a corporate sense of identity and shared purpose a shared understanding of what the company stands for. Leadership must create opportunities for that shared vision and collective sense of identity to emerge.Leadership can inspire this to happen through management developing initiatives within cross-department relationship building and teamwork building. Management has the responsibility to ensure this takes plac e while leadership sets the strategy and places the goals high on the corporate agenda. Leadership sets the priorities, while management gets the priorities done. Among many other tasks, Leadership has the responsibility to 1.Develop an overall strategic vision for the organization or team 2.In conjunction with the organization, drive the desired results 3.Enable an atmosphere which encourages cross-functional teamwork 4.Be in-touch with the organization at all levels5.Asks the high-level questions and ensures the answers are mute by all in the organization 6.Encourages the organization to explore alternatives and better ways of doing business 7.Assists the organization to see the big pictureIn secern among other tasks, management has the following responsibilities 1.Management includes the actual coordination of processes and work-flows 2.Includes the process of evaluating resources, assessment and measurement of various pieces throughout the organizations 3.Management includes ensuring that all feedback, comments, and innovative change initiative ideas are brought to the head of the decision making process 4.Seeks to make the planning process a more successful endeavor 5.Helps to implement the answers to the big questions into best practices for the organizationThe persona of Leadership in StrategyThe map of leadership in strategy includes many facets some that are tangible and some that are not. For example the role of leadership in strategy is to determine what the big picture is and to ensure the organization has a plan for discovering those answers to the big questions. I believe the role of leadership in developing strategy is to create many areas of possibility for the organization and to create an atmosphere where employees feel committed to creating those possibilities. The example provided by Senge intimately what was calamity in South Africa in the early 1990s is a great one. Leadership of South Africa was trying to develop a set of alterna tive stories about what might happen in South Africa.They came together and developed several stories and tried to examine what the country result look like in the future. Leadership in fact, was trying to shape and define the story and to have this story be as positive as possible for the country. I believe the uniform high-level story development is the main responsibility of leadership in strategy for an organization at all levels. The role is for the leadership to define how they expect the company to interact in the world and to develop a story that is much bigger than the organization.This story must be believed by all participants in the organization and must be walked the talk by leadership. For example the role of leadership in defining one of the key tenants for Whole Foods is We Sell the Highest pure tone Natural and Organic Products Available. The role of leadership in developing this strategy is key to the companies fundamental belief system, and many of the employe es and customers are committed to this strategy. The role of leadership is to create the vision and ensure it is in real congruence with the organizational realty.How is leadership critical to realizing strategy?I believe without leadership, strategy cannot be truly realized for a sustainable period. For example if there lacks a person or people who rise above and create the vision and see to it, that it is a manifestation throughout the organization, the strategy will be lost at sea. The waves of business cycles and changing resources will ensure the strategy is tossed and turned and will not go on a path toward true-fulfillment of the highest levels of success. Leadership sets the stage for strategy by asking the core questions, shaping the vision, and allowing for an atmosphere, which encourages the awareness and commitment to the strategy. Leadership is critical 1.It creates a vessel for continuous improvement and adaptation of strategy1.Ensures the proper questions are asked an d answered2.Creates an atmosphere for growth and change3.Demonstrates effective behavior4.Tries to get the highest potential out of resources5.Creates the strategic vision6.Brings together key aspects of the strategyThe world we live in is changing at an alarming rate as a result of all the new discoveries that have been made over the years. These new discoveries have been aided by the availability of better learning facilities and equipment. These were not available in the early days. As scientists continue to discover and invent new equipment, the world is adapting them and incorporating them in the societies. As a result, the world we are living in is heavily dependent on inventions and machines to carry out tasks. Moreover, as a result of the advanced technology, people are getting more apt hence they are able carry out more researches of their own as well as make their own new inventions. In the health check world this has eased management as well as other treatment methods s uch as surgery.

Memoir

Pets in general are lovable. Of course, who doesnt love a dog? Or a cat? A fish, whitethornbe? But in my case, its different. Not because I dislike innocent animals but because I conduct this extreme at heart me since childhood. You may not believe it but what I do the love are one of the most unloved and feared living creatures in this world snakes and reptiles.I dont know what it is about these cold-blooded creatures that attracted me most but for as long as I can flirt with, I have eer been passionate about them. Lizards arouse my curiosity while snakes give me a sense of mystery and excitement. Even as a grown up now, I can passive vividly recall my first encounter with a freight train which was one of the scariest experiences I ever had.It was one bright, sunny morning and we were contend in the woods. The summer heat was conducive for outdoor activities and our gang has ga in that locationd once again to welcome the long school break. Careless and jolly, I was entirely 1 0 then and I was chasing my ball after it was tossed away in a very secluded area. I could not even remember what zippy was that but I was running after the ball and as soon as I entered the isolated zone, I felt shivers in my nape which gave me the creeps.I had cold sweats just as the earth was cold and moist and there were dried, wrinkled leaves scattered all over. I moved quite easily not knowing whats in store in there. I looked everywhere for my ball using my telescopic vision. I was quite good in finding things and stuff. As soon as I found the ball behind a moss-filled rock, I heard this eerie hissing sound. Sensing that it exponent be a snake, I was agitated that I wondered where it could be hiding. I said to myself, This is a chance of a lifetime I was thinking twice at first anticipating the danger it could do to me. Anti-venoms were difficult to find during those days. Nevertheless, I hesitated.Out of curiosity, I kicked the rock hard and there it wasa fat, healthy ra ttlesnake I suppose it was taking a nap before I got there. But at that moment its eyes looked straight at mine, I knew that there was impending harm to come. My mind was flying both(prenominal)where. All I felt was fear and thrill. The rattlesnake I found was brown, about four feet long with a triangular head.The minute I saw it, I was shaking hard and I froze all over. Knowing that rattlesnakes only attacked humans when disturbed, I was reluctant to go near it. But thinking it was my only opportunity to explore and take a good look at a real one, I picked up a stick and went closer to it moving one step at a time. As soon as I was closest to it, it gave a crystallize of evil look at me as if it was about to bite me whole. Then I gathered all my nerves and began to strum its thick scales then dis stake it up slowly.It irked I felt great and brave. Right that moment, I thought Id die a terrible death from a acid snake. Then I struggled to gaze at it for a few minutes. What a bea utiful sight And thats how I remember it. I returned it back to its place then I started moving away slowly to avoid provoking its untamed nature. When I returned to my gang, I proudly shared to them the wonderful yet affright experience with the first snake I have ever encountered. I never told my mom what I did because I knew shed kill me for doing much(prenominal) a stupid thing as she might have called it.I never had any other close encounters with snakes after that. I actually never dearyted them long. I gave up my Gopher snakes soon enough after I kept them a few years ago. But being a unique pet lover, it is quite rewarding on my part especially when I hear people praise me for it. Even if only see snakes usually in cages or in the zoos now, I can always remember that one fateful day I met that rattlesnake in the wild. I will always remember how beautiful it was.My experiences with lizards were not as intense as that Ive had with snakes probably because they are harmless a nd nave. But my daily encounters with lizards were as memorable to me as that of snakes. Actually, it was quite a traumatic beginning for me.I was standing in our front porch one day when I saw this kid (I think he was younger than me at that time) playing with a lizard. It was about 4 inches long and brown in color so I assumed it was a postulate lizard. It had a bluish belly though. At first, the kid was feeding it with small insects I could not identify then before I knew it, he was flipping the curt lizard up and down. I was about to approach him when the next thing I saw was he stepped on it and the lizard was squeezed like an orange fruit. in that respect it was lying flat on the street not breathing any more.It was a terrible event which I cannot erase from my long-term memory until now. From then on, I came to love lizards more and I collected not only fence lizards but alligator and whiptail lizards as well. When I stopped keeping snakes, my lizards remained. At present, I still have my lizards which I long to protect and care for in my own simple ways. To my mind, at least I am fashioning a difference in the lives of these astonishing small creatures which are often neglected and unappreciated by people.It is so sad to note that in some countries which do not have strict animal rights, snakes and reptiles are ruthlessly killed even with just the sight of them, even if they did nothing to harm humans. We should realize that such acts are merely their naturally-occurring defense mechanisms. Some races made them into exotic dishes and sold at high prices. Even in zoos and animal sanctuaries, snakes and reptiles are given ostracise connotations which affect the impressions of people in general regarding these creatures.The media play a great role in influencing peoples opinions and generalizations about snakes and reptiles. Since time immemorial, I have never seen a film, TV show or any advertisements for that matter depicting snakes in a positive m anner. Movies like Anaconda, Anacondas, Spasm, Venom, Snakes on the Plane, Rattled, and many more all gave snakes bad images. Oftentimes, snakes are shown to represent evil and have been considered demonic symbols. How can peoples attitude towards snakes and reptiles be changed if what is being shown by fun is purely the dark side of these creations?It certainly takes time to alter peoples perceptions on snakes and reptiles. One of the most effective medium to begin with is education. We should be reminded that snakes and reptiles are also part of our wildlife, thus, they should be conserved and protected like any other endangered species. Children should be taught to love all animals through promoting media delineation and including conservation of wildlife in the school curriculum to instill in their minds the need to appreciate even the most dangerous creatures.This is not an easy task result since most learning of children are facilitated at home and most parents and guardia ns teach children to fear snakes and reptiles. This is the reason why massive media campaign should be done to alter our views about snakes and reptiles even at a slow pace. What is of the essence is that there should be efforts and attempts to correct the wrong impressions people have of these despised animals.While it may be true that snakes and reptiles are feared and unloved by most people, for me, they are wonderful creatures. Therefore, it is not true that they are feared and unloved because there are still people like me who can love them unconditionally. And I choose to remain as such as long as I have the qualification to do so.

An Analysis of Noli me tangere by Jose Rizal Essay

The novel Noli Me Tangere contains 63 chapters and epilog. It interceptins with a reception given by Capitan Tiago (Santiago de los Santos) at his fireside in C every(prenominal)e Analogue (now Juan Luna Street) on the remnant twenty-four hours of October. The reception or dinner is given in accolade of Crisostomo Ibarra, a unexampled and plentiful Filipino who had just returned after seven years of study in Europe. Ibarra was the only son of assume Rafael Ibarra, friend of Capitan Tiago, and a fianc of bewitching female horse Clara, supposed daughter of Capitan Tiago.Among the guests during the reception were begetter Damaso, a fat Franciscan friar who had been parish priest for 20 years of San Diego (Calamba), Ibarras native townsfolk padre Sybila, a early days Dominican parish priest of Binondo Seor Guevara, as elderly and kind surrogate of the Guardia Civil Don Tiburcio de Espadaa, a bogus Spanish physician, lame, and henpecked husband of Doa Victorina and several ladies.Ibarra, upon his arrival, produced a favorable impression among the guests, except Padre Damaso, who has rude to him. In accordance with a German custom, he introduced himself to the ladies. During the dinner the conversation cente tearing on Ibarras studies and travels abroad. Padre Damaso was in bad mood because he got a bony neck and a hard wing of the chicken tinola. He tried to discredit Ibarras remarks. after(prenominal) dinner, Ibarra odd Capitan Tiagos house to return to his hotel. On the way, the kind surrogate Guevara told him the sad story of his fathers death in San Diego. Don Rafael, his father, was a rich and brave man. He defended a helpless boy from the barbarism of an illiterate Spanish tax collector, pushing the latter and accidentally killing him. Don Rafael was thrown in prison, where he died unhappily.He was buried in hallowed ground, but his enemies, accusing him organism a heretic, had his body removed from the cemetery. On hearing about his fathe rs sad story, Ibarra thanked the kind Spanish lieutenant and vowed to find out the faithfulness about his fathers death. The following morning, he visited Maria Clara, his childhood sweetheart. Maria Clara teasingly said that he had forgotten her because the girls in Germany were beautiful. Ibarra replied that he had never forgotten her. After the romantic reunion with Maria Clara, Ibarra went to San Diego to visit his fathers grave. It was All Saints Day.At the cemetery, the grave digger told Ibarra that the corpse of Don Rafael was removed by order of the parish priest to be, buried in the Chinese cemetery but the corpse was heavier-than-air and it was a dark and rainy night so that he (the grave-digger) simply threw the corpse into the lake. Ibarra was angered by the grave-diggers story. He left the cemetery. On the way, he met Padre Salvi, Franciscan parish priest of San Diego. In a flash, Ibarra pounced on the priest, demanding redress for desecrating his fathers mortal remai ns. Padre told him that he had nothing to do with it, for he was not the parish priest at the time of Don Rafaels death.It was Padre Damaso, his predecessor, who was responsible for it. Convinced for Padre Salvis innocence, Ibarra went away. In his town Ibarra met several evoke people, such as the wise old man, Tasio the philosopher, whose ideas were too advanced for his times so that the people, who could not understand him, called him Tasio the Lunatic the progressive school teacher, who complained to Ibarra that the children were losing interest to their studies because of the leave out proper school house and the discouraging attitude of the parish friar towards both the teaching of Spanish and of the use of modern methods of pedagogy the spineless gobernadorcillo, who catered to the wishes of the Spanish parish friars Don Filipo Lino, the teniente-mayor and leader of the cuardrilleros (town police) and the actor gobernadorcillos who were prominent citizens Don Basilio and Do n Valentin.A most tragic story in the novel is the tale of Sisa, who was formerly a rich girl but became poor because she married a gambler, and a wastrel at that. She became crazy because she lost her two boys, Basilio and Crispin, the joy of her wretched life. These boys were sacristanes (sextons) in the church, running(a) for a small wage to support their poor mystify. Crispin the younger of the two brothers was accused by the brutal sacristan mayor (chief sexton) of stealing the m unitaryy of the priest. He was tortured in the convent and died. Basilio, with his brothers dying cries ringing in his ears, escaped. When the two boys did not return mansion, Sisa looked for them everywhere and, in her great sorrow, she became insane.Capitan Tiago, Maria Clara, and auntie Isabel (Capitan Tiagos cousin who took cargon of Maria Clara, after his mothers death) arrived in San Diego. Ibarra and his friends give picnic at the lake. Among those present in this picnic, were Maria Clara an d her quadruplet girl friends the merry Siang, the grave Victoria, the beautiful Iday, and the thoughtful Neneng Aunt Isabel, chaperon of Maria Clara Capitana Tika, mother of Siang Andeng, foster sister of Maria Clara Albino, the ex-theological scholar who was in love with Siang and Ibarra and his friends. One of the boatmen was a strong and silent peasant youth named Elias. An incident of the picnic was the saving of Elias life by Ibarra.Elias bravely grappled with a crocodile which was caught in the fish corral. But the crocodile struggled furiously so that Elias could not subdue it. Ibarra jumped into the water and killed the crocodile, thereby saving Elias. After the crocodile incident, was the frameing of a beautiful song by Maria Clara who had a sweet voice and they went ashore. They made merry in the cool, wooded meadow. Padre Salvi, Capitan Basilio (former gobernadorcillo and Siangs father) the alferez (lieutenant of the Guardia Civil) and the town officials were present . The tiffin was served, and everybody enjoyed eating.The meal over, Ibarra and Capitan Basilio played chess, while Maria Clara and her friends played the Wheel of Chance, a game based on a fortune-telling book. As the girls were enjoying their fortune-telling game, Padre Salvi came and disunite to pieces the book, saying that it was a sin to play such game. Shortly thereafter, a sergent and four soldiers of the Guardia Civil suddenly arrived, looking for Elias, who was hunted for assaulting Padre Damaso and throwing the alferez into a botch hole. Fortunately Elias had disappeared, and the Guardia Civil went away empty-handed. During the picnic also, Ibarra received a telegram from the Spanish authorities notifying him the approval of his move intoation of a schoolhouse for the children of San Diego.The adjoining day Ibarra visited old Tasio to consult him on his pet project about the schoolhouse. He saw the old mans writings were written in hieroglyphics. Tasio explained to hi m that he wrote in hieroglyphics because he was writing for the future generations who would understand them and say, Not all were asleep in the night of our ancestors Meanwhile San Diego was merrily preparing for its annual fiesta, in honor of its patron saint San Diego de Alcala, whose f einsteinium day is the 11th of November. On the eve of the fiesta, hundreds of visitors arrived from the nearby towns, and there were laughter, music, exploding bombs, feasting and moro-moro.The music was furnished by five impertinence bands (including the famous Pagsanjan Band owned by the escribano Miguel Guevara) and three or toilet tableras. In the morning of the fiesta there was a high mass in the church, officiated by Padre Salvi. Padre Damaso gave the long sermon, in which he expatiated on the evils of the times that were caused by certain men, who having tasted some education spread pernicious ideas among the people. After Padre Damasos sermon, the mass was continued by Padre Salve.Elias quietly moved to Ibarra, who was kneeling and praying by Maria Claras side, and warned him to be careful during the ceremony of the laying of the groundwork of the schoolhouse because there was a plot to kill him. Elias suspected that the yellowish man, who built the derrick, was a paid stooge of Ibarras enemies. True to his suspicion, later on in the day, when Ibarra, in the presence of a big crowd, went down into the trench to cement the cornerst angiotensin converting enzyme, the derrick collapsed.Elias, quick as a flash, pushed him aside, thereby saving his life. The yellowish man was the one crushed to death by the shattered derrick. At the sumptuous dinner that night under a decorated kiosk, a sad incident occurred. The domineering Padre Damaso, speaking in the presence of many guests, insulted the shop of Ibarras father. Ibarra jumped to his seat, knocked down the fat friar with his fist, and then seized a sharp knife. He would dupe killed the friar, were it not for the timely intervention of Maria Clara.The fiesta over, Maria Clara became ill. She was treated by the quack Spanish physician, Tiburcio de Espadaa, whose wife, a vain and vulgar native woman, was a frequent visitor in Capitan Tiagos house. This woman had hallucinations of being a superior Castillan, and, although a native herself, she looked down on her own people as inferior beings. She added another de to her husbands surname in order to more Spanish.Thus she wanted to be called Doctora Doa Victorina de los Reyes de De Espadaa. She introduced to Capitan Tiagos young Spaniards, Don Alfonso Linares de Espadaa, cousin of Don Tiburcio de Espadaa and godson of Padre Damasos brother in law. Linares was a penniless and jobless, fortune hunter who came to the Philippines in search of a rich Filipino heiress. Both Doa Victorina and Padre Damaso sponsored his wooing of Maria Clara, but the latter did not respond because she loved Ibarra.The story of Elias uniform that of Sisa, was a tale of p athos and tragedy. He related it to Ibarra. Some 60 years ago, his grandfather, who was then a young bookkeeper in a Spanish commercialised firm in Manila, was wrongly accused of burning the firms warehouse. He was flogged in public and was left in the street, crippled and almost died. His was pregnant, beg for alms and became a prostitute in order to support her sick husband and their son. After giving birth to her second son and the death of her husband, she fled, with her to sons to the mountains.Years later the first boy became a dreaded tulisan named Balat. He terrorized the responsiblenesss. One day he was caught by the authorities. His head was cut off and was hung from a tree beginning in the forest. On seeing this gory object, the poor mother (Elias grandmother) died.Balats younger brother, who was by nature kindhearted, fled and became a trusted laborer in the house of rich man in Tayabas. He fell in love with the masters daughter. The girls father, enraged by the roman ce, investigated his past and rear out the truth. The unfortunate lover (Elias father) was sent to jail, while the girl gave birth to twins, a boy (Elias) and a girl.Their rich grandfather took care of them, keeping hugger-mugger their scandalous origin, and reared them as rich children. Elias was educated in the JesuitCollege in Manila, while his sister studied in La Concordia College. They lived happily, until one day, owing to certain difference of opinion over money matters, a distant relative exposed their shameful birth. They were disgraced. An old male servant, whom they used to abuse, was forced to testify in court and the truth came out that he was their real father.Elias and his sister left Tayabas to hide their shame in another place. One day the sister disappeared. Elias roamed from place to place, looking for her. He heard later that a girl answering to his sisters description, was found died on the beach of San Diego. Since then, Elias lived a vagabond life, wander ing from province to province until he met Ibarra.Elias, learning of Ibarras arrest, burned all the papers that might incriminate his friend and set Ibarras house on fire. Then he went to prison and helped Ibarra escape. He and Ibarra jumped into a banca loaded with sacate (grass). Ibarra stopped at the house of Capitan Tiago to say goodbye to Maria Clara. In the tearful last scene in the midst of the two lovers, Ibarra forgave Maria Clara for giving up his letter to her to the Spanish authorities who utilized them as evidence against him. On her part, Maria Clara revealed that those letters were exchanged with a letter from her late mother, Pia Alba which Padre Salvi gave her.From his letter, she learned that her real father was Padre Damaso. After bidding Maria Clara farewell, Ibarra returned to the banca. He and Elias paddled up the PasigRiver toward Laguna de Bay. A police boat, with the Guardia Civil on board, pursued them as their banca reached the lake.Elias told Ibarra to hide under the zacate. As the police boat was overtaking the banca, Elias jumped into the water and swam swiftly toward the shore. In this way, he diverted the attention of the soldiers on his person, thereby giving Ibarra a chance to escape. The soldier fired at the swimming Elias, who was hit and sank. The water turned red because of his blood. The soldiers, thinking that they had killed the fleeing Ibarra returned to Manila. Thus Ibarra was able to escape.Elias seriously wounded, reached the shore and staggered into the forest. He met a boy, Basilio, who was weeping over his mothers dead body. He told Basilio to make a pyre on which their bodies (his and Sisa) were to be burned to ashes. It was Christmas eve, and the moon gleamed softly in the sky. Basilio prepared the funeral pyre. As lifes breath slowly left his body. Elias looked toward the east and murmured I die without seeing the dawn brighten over my native land. You, who have it to see, welcome it And forget not those who have fallen during the night.The novel has an epilogue which recounts what happened to the other characters. Maria Clara, out of her loyalty to the memory of Ibarra, the man she truly loved, entered the Santa Clara nunnery. Padre Salvi left the parish of San Diego and became a chaplain of the nunnery.Padre Damaso was transferred to a remote province, but the next morning he was found dead in his bedroom. Capitan Tiago the former genial host and generous patron of the church became an opium addict and a human wreck. Doa Victorina, still henpecking poor Don Tiburcio, had taken to wearing eye-glasses because of weakening eyesight. Linares, who failed to win Maria Claras affection, died of dysentery and was buried in Paco cemetery.The alferez, who successfully repulsed the abortive dishonor on the barracks, was promoted major. He returned to Spain, leaving behind his shabby mistress, Doa Consolacion. The novel ends with Maria Clara, an unhappy nun in Santa Clara nunnery forever lost to the world.Characters of noli me tangereCrisstomo Ibarra, or commonly called as Ibarra, is a half-Filipino half-Spaniard who is the only descendant of the wealthy Spanish Don Rafael Ibarra. He was born and grew up in the Philippines, but during his adolescence, he worn-out(a) seven years in Europe for education. Those years prevented him from knowing what was happening in his country. When he had returned to the Philippines, he found that his father had died and that the corpse was (supposedly) moved to a Chinese cemetery (but the body ended up in a river). He heard tales of how helpful and kind his father was and decided to honor the memory of his father by doing as his father did.Mara Clara de los Santos, is the most dominant yet weakest representation of women in the setting. When thinking of Noli, the name of Mara Clara is can be seen predominantly as image of ideal Filipina women. Mara Clara is the primary female character in the novel. She is seen as the daughter of Capitn Tiago and Doa Pa Alba. Doa Pa died when delivering Maria Clara. The poor child only grew under the guidance and inadvertence of Ta Isabl, Capitn Tiagos cousin.Dmaso Verdolagas (commonly cognize as Padre Dmaso/Padre Damaso or Father Damaso), of Dominican order, was the former curate of the parish church of San Diego. He was the curate for almost twenty years before he replaced by much younger Padre Salvi. Padre Damaso was known to be friendly with the Ibarra family, so much that Crisstomo was surprised by what the former curate had done to Don Rafal.Don Santago de los Santos, commonly known as Capitn Tiago, is the only son of a wealthy trader in Malabon. Due to his mothers wildty, Capitn Tiago did not attain any statuesque education. He became a servant of a Dominican priest. When the priest and his father died, Capitn Tiago decided to assistin the family business of trading before he met his wife Doa Pa Alba, who came from another wealthy family. Because of their consistent devot ion to Santa Clara in Obando, they were given a daughter who shared very(prenominal) features as Padre Damaso, who is Maria Clara.Don Anastacio, or commonly known as Filsofo Tacio (Philosopher Tasyo) is one of the most important character in Noli. In one side, he is referred to as philosopher/sage (hence, Pilosopo Tasyo) because his ideas were accurate with the minds of townspeople.Elis came from the family which the Ibarra clan downtrodded for generations. He grew up in a wealthy family until when he discovered something that changed his life forever. He is also the one who helped Ibarra in running away from the guards.Doa Victorina de los Reyes de de Espadaaalways ed dream to have a Spanish husband. and it came true but she dont like Don Tiburcio she just forced her self to be married to Him She fell in love once before for kapitan TiyagoNarcisa or Sisa is the mother of Basilio and Crispin. Shows how Filipino mothers love their children.Synopsis of El FilibusterismoThe hero of El Filibusterismo is a rich jeweler named Simoun. He was Crisostomo Ibarra of the Noli, who, with Elias help, escaped from the pursuing soldiers at Laguna de Bay, remove up his buried treasure, and fled to Cuba where he became rich and befriended many Spanish officials. After many years he returned to the Philippines, where he freely moved around. He is a powerful figure not only because he is a rich jeweler but also because he is a good friend and advisor of the governor general.Outwardly, Simoun is a friend of Spain. However deep in his heart, he is secretly cherishing a terrible revenge against the Spanish authorities. His two magnificent obsessions are to rescue Maria Clara from the nunnery ofSanta Clara and to foment a revolution against the hated Spanish masters.The story of El Filibusterismo begins on board the clumsy, roundish shaped steamer Tabo, so appropriately named. This steamer is sailing upstream the Pasig from Manila to Laguna de Bay. Among the passengers are Simoun, the rich jeweler Doa Victorina, the ridiculously pro-Spanish native woman who is handout to Laguna in search of her henpecked husband, Tiburcio de Espadaa, who has deserted her Paulita Gomez, her beautiful niece Ben-Zayb (anagram of Ibaez), a Spanish journalist who writes silly articles about the Filipinos Padre Sibyla, vice-rector of the University of Santo TomasPadre Camorra, the parish priest of the town of Tiani Don Custodio, a pro-spanish Filipino holding a position in the government Padre Salvi, thin Franciscan friar and former cura of San Diego Padre Irene, a kind friar who was a friend of the Filipino students Padre Florentino, a retired scholarly and patriotic Filipino priest Isagani, a poet-nephew of Padre Florentino and a lover of Paulita and Basilio, son of Sisa and promising medical student, whose medical education is financed by his patron, Capitan Tiago.Simoun, a man of wealth and mystery, is a very close friend and confidante of the Spanish governor general. Becaus e of his great influence in Malacaang, he was called the Brown Cardinal or the Black Eminence. By using his wealth and political influence, he encourages depravity in the government, promotes the oppression of the masses, and hastens the moral degradation of the country so that the people may become desperate and fight. He smuggles arms into the country with the help of a rich Chinese merchant, Quiroga, who wants very much to be Chinese consul of Manila. His first attempt to begin the armed uprising did not materialize because at the last hour he hears the sad news that Maria Clara died in the nunnery. In his agonizing moment of bereavement, he did not give the signal for the outbreak of hostilities.After a long time of illness brought about by the bitter loss of Maria Clara, Simoun perfects his plan to overthrow the government. On the occasion of the wedding of Paulita Gomez and Juanito Pelaez, he gives a wedding gift to them a beautiful lamp. Only he and his confidential associat es, Basilio (Sisas son who joined his revolutionary cause), know that when the wick of his lamp burn lower the nitroglycerine, hidden in its secret compartment, will explode, destroying the house where the wedding feast is going to be held killing all the guests, including the governor general, the friars, and the government officials. Simultaneously, all the government buildings in Manila will be blown by Simouns followers.As the wedding feast begins, the poet Isagani, who has been rejected by Paulita because of his liberal ideas, is stand outside the house, watching sorrowfully the merriment inside. Basilio, his friend, warns him to go away because the lightened lamp will soon explode.Upon hearing the horrible secret of the lamp, Isagani realizes that his beloved Paulita was in grave danger. To preserve her life, he rushes into the house, seizes the lightened lamp, and hurls it into the river, where it explodes.The revolutionary plot was thus discovered. Simoun was cornered by t he soldiers, but he escaped. Mortally wounded, and carrying his treasure chest, he sought refuge in the home of Padre Florentino by the sea.The Spanish authorities, however, learns of his presence in the house of Padre Florentino. Lieutenant Perez of the Guardia Civil informs the priest by letter that he would come at eight oclock that night to arrest Simoun.Simoun eluded arrest by taking poison. As he is dying, he confesses to Padre Florentino, revealing his true identity, his dastardly plan to use his wealth to avenge himself, and his sinister aim to destroy his friends and enemies.The confession of the dying Simoun is long and painful. It is already night when Padre Florentino, wiping the sweat from his purse brow, rises and begins to meditate. He consoles the dying man saying God will forgive you Seor Simoun. He knows that we are fallible. He has seen that you have suffered, and in ordaining that the ruin for your faults should come as death from the very ones you have instig ated to crime, we can see His infinite mercy. He has frustrated your plans one by one, the best conceived, first by the death of Maria Clara, then by a lack of preparation, then in some mysterious way. Let us bow to His will and render Him thanksWatching Simoun die peacefully with a clear conscience and at peace with God. Padre Florentino falls upon his knees and prays for the dead jeweler. He takes the treasure chest and throws it into the sea as the waves close over the sinking chest.Characters in El FilibusterismoSimoun Crisostomo Ibarra in disguise, left for dead at the end of Noli Me Tangere, has resurfaced as the wealthy jeweler, Simoun, blank a beard, blue-tinted glasses, and a revolver. Fueled by his mistreatment at the hands of the Spaniards and his fury at Maria Claras fate. Basilio Son of Sisa. A graduating Medical Student who befriended Simoun. This is the uniform Basilio introduced in Noli Me Tangere. Isagani Villamor Basilios friend, ex-beau of Paulita Gomez and t he man who removed the explosive lamp from the Captain Tiagos house, thus sabotaging Simouns plans. Kabesang Tales Cabeza Telesforo Juan de Dios, a former cabeza de barangay (barangay head) of Sagpang, a barangay in San Diegos live town Tiani, who resurfaced as the feared Luzn bandit Matanglawin Don Custodio Custodio de Salazar y Snchez de Monteredondo, a famous journalist who was asked by the students about his decision for the Academia de Castellano.In reality, he is quite an ordinary fellow who married a rich woman in order to be a member of Manilas high society. Paulita Gomez The little girl of Isagani and the niece of Doa Victorina, the old Indio who passes herself off as a Peninsular, who is the wife of the quack doctor Tiburcio de Espadaa. In the end, she and Juanito Pelez are wed, and she toss Isagani, believing that she will have no future if she marries him. Macaraig One of Isaganis classmates at the University of Santo Tomas. He is a rich student and serves as the leader of the students vehement to build the Academia de Castellano.Father Florentino Isaganis godfather, and a secular priest was engaged to be married, but chose to be a priest after being pressured by his mother, the story hinting at the ambivalence of his decision as he chooses an assignment to a remote place, living in solitude near the sea. Juli San Jose Juliana de Dios, the girlfriend of Basilio, and the youngest daughter of Kabesang Tales. To claim her father from the bandits, she had to work as a maid under the supervision of Hermana Penchang. Eventually, she was freed but committed suicide after Father Camorra try to rape her. Juanito Pelaez A favorite student of the professors.They belong to the noble Spanish ancestry. Doa Victorina Victorina delos Reyes de Espadaa, known in Noli Me Tangere as Tiburcio de Espadaas cruel wife. She is the aunt of Paulita Gomez, and favors Juanito Pelaez than Isagani. Although of Indio ideology, she considers herself as one of thePenins ular. Father Camorra The lustful parish priest of Tiani, San Diegos adjacent town who has longtime desires for young women. He nearly raped Juli do the latter to commit suicide.Captain Tiago Santiago delos Santos, although making a cameo appearance, Captain Tiago is Maria Claras stepfather and the foster-father to Basilio. Father Bernardo Salvi- Former parish priest of San Diego, now the manager and chaplain of the Santa Clara convent. Father Hernando de la Sibyla A Dominican friar introduced in Noli Me Tangere, now the vice-rector of the University of Santo Tomas Tandang Selo Father of Kabesang Tales. He raised the sick and young Basilio after he left their house in Noli me Tangere. He died in an encounter on the mountains with his son Tales.

The Express Transportation And Logistics Industry Commerce Essay

Using illustrations from FedEx heap and your ain research on the Global tape transport and Logistics Industry, critically approximate the Strategic Vision and airy Leadership behind FedEx Corporation federal limited is a wandering(a) put forward transit and logistics federation that passings lymph glands a singular beginning for rambling transportation, logistics, and supply concatenation solutions. It was founded in 1973 by Frederick W. Smith. Since its origin FedEx pioneered the excerpt bringing industry. The fraternity focused on the nucleus contact of express bringing and provided nightlong bringing services to the clients globally. However, the transmutation of concerns and clients from darkened economic corpse to the advanced economic dodge forced FedEx to shift itself from overnight bringing service to a one-stop-shop for the honest logistics demand of the concern. The lodge became the logistics service supplier of taking compositions, like, Genera l Motors.BackgroundDuring the late sixtiess, Frederick Smith ( Smith ) chanced upon an thought to get quite a piddling an air hose messenger familiarity. During this period, it was common pattern to post bundles as lading on commercial be arers like American, United or Delta Airlines. This pattern had a figure of drawbacks because rider air hoses normally operated during the daylight and were grounded at dark. In add-on, cargo forwarders ( the company responsible for transporting the bundles from the airport to the finish reference ) normally did non offer place bringing. Smith felt the demand to get down an air hose messenger company that would cover to all these jobs. During his college old(a) ages, he accepted that the United States was going a service-oriented economic system and needed a dependable, nightlong bringing service company designed to stallionly transport bundles and paperss. He wrote a Yale term paper on this thought, and received C class. His professor th ought it would neer civilise. Fortunately for Frederick Smith, he did nt take it to bosom and ended up edifice that company he dreamed of.Smith found investors resulting to lend $ 40 million, used $ 8 million in house triumph money, and received commit funding. He started federal distill with over $ 80 million, doing it the largest company of its clip of all time funded by venture capital.In the last 36 old ages, FedEx has expanded horizontally with its cinque subordinates to entangle FedEx deport ( once Federal Express ) , FedEx Ground ( once Roadway Package trunk ) , FedEx Custom vituperative ( once Roberts Express ) , FedEx Logistics ( once Caliber Logistics ) , and Viking Freight. As a consequence, the FedEx house concur has been able to vie jointly in the express transit and logistics industries. FedEx s organization is to confirm on merchandising and synergisms for all FedEx companies, but run operations individually and maintain each company s strengths and market places separate. instantly, services offered by FedEx include worldwide express bringing, land small-parcel bringing, less-than-truckload cargo bringing, and planetary logistics, supply concatenation look, and electronic commercialism solutions. Federal Express is the humankind s largest bundle bringing company today.FedEx began its operations with the exclusive central lay of discloseing client cleavage, pricing and quality of services for the nightlong bringing market in the United States. Since so, it has bighearted to supply taking papers and cargo services for the full North America and for over 212 states ab highway.Federal Express Corporation had the airy leading to go the first mover in the express transit and logistics industry go forthing FedEx with one beginning of distinction their strength to assist in the control of the full supply concatenation direction.FedEx FirstsCompany dedicated to nightlong bundle bringingOffer next-day bringing by 10h30Offer Saturday bringingsOffer a clip peremptory service for cargoMoney-back warrants and free cogent evidence of public presentation services that now extend to its worldwide webThe company s ability to utilize engineering and make its ain supply of resources has made it hard for rivals to fit the company s criterions for service.FedEx has been successful chiefly because of their technological promotions. engineering has allowed them to hold superior client service and quality that was unparalleled by any company. No company was able to offer nightlong bringing of bundles with the velocity and preciseness that Federal Express did.FedEx s mold capableness gave them a competitory advantage as they implemented new methods and engineering. They presently give way a SuperHub with some(prenominal) regional hubs and bundles are managed and tracked by a system called COSMOS. COSMOS Customers, Operations and avails Master Online System, a centralized computing machine system to pull off people, bundl es, vehicles and conditions scenarios in existent clip. This system allowed clients to cognize where their bundles are at all times and was subsequently integrated for web workout, leting clients to track bundles over the Internet. In add-on, the customized bringing service of the company is alone in the market.Mission StatementThe Mission Statement of FedEx is to bring forth superior fiscal returns for shareholders, by supplying high value-added logistics, transit and related breeding services through focussed operate companies. Customer demands exit be met in the highest quality temper appropriate to each market section served. FedEx will endeavor to develop reciprocally honoring relationships with its employees, spouses and providers. Safety will be the first consideration in all operations. Corporate activities will be conducted to the highest ethical and professional criterions .This mission statement shows that FedEx has a clear central point. ( 1 ) The chief focal poi nt is to convey returns to shareholders. ( 2 ) They will stress adding value above and beyond merely their service of transporting an object from one topographic point to another. ( 3 ) Their focal point of operations will be logistics, transit, and related information. This mission statement is focused plenty to maintain FedEx from diversifying into for illustration, nutrient merchandises yet obscure plenty to let growing in all of those countries.A DoctrineFederal Express holds a People- inspection and repair-Profit doctrine. The People end is the uninterrupted betterment of direction s leading. The Service criterion is atomic number 6 per centum client satisfaction. The Profit end is much like any other company s end, and is indispensable to long-run viability. This doctrine governs how FedEx runs its concern, and defines schemes.Federal Express Five-Point StrategyFederal Express has five schemes that govern concern tactics. These are to better service degrees, lower unit co sts, set up world(prenominal) leading and sustain profi carry overness, acquire closer to the client, and keep the People-Service-Profit Philosophy.The alone FedEx runing scheme works seamlessly and at the same time on three degrees.Compete collectivelyA by standing as one trade name worldwide and talking with one voice.Operate independentlyA by concentrating on our independent webs to run into distinguishable client demands.Manage collaborativelyA by working together to prolong loyal relationships with our work force, clients and investors.ValuessPeoples We value our people and promote diverseness in our workplace and in our thought.Service Our perfectly, positively spirit puts our clients at the bosom of anything we do.Invention We invent and inspire the services and engineerings that improve the manner we work and live.Integrity We manage our operations, fundss and services with honestness, dealncy and dependability.Duty We champion safe and healthy environments for the com munities in which we live and work.Loyalty We earn the regard and assurance of our FedEx people, clients and investors every deuce dozen hours, in everything we doTransportation system and logistics substructure within FedEx CorporationFedEx started its operation by directing eight bundles on the first dark, of which 7 were test tally addresses from one employee to another. The company has since grown to managing an amazing 9.8 million cargos per twenty-four hours.An overview of FedEx s InfrastructureManaging 9.8 million cargos per twenty-four hours more than than 700 aero planes,Daily lift capacity of 12 million kgs help more than 220 states through 375 airdromesWork force of more than 140,000 lasting employees worldwide500,000 calls are dealt with professionallyWith this Infrastructure and new 1s being added over clip, the Purple see to it of I will do every FedEx experience outstanding is achieved with the aggregation and bringing of each cargo.Physical goods when transporte d over trucks on a main road normally travel the most frequented paths. But as more vehicles start track that main road, and as the trips become longer, bundles get delayed, travel astray, arrive spoiled, or do nt get at all. To work out this job, faster, more attentive bearers with their ain hardware and substructure came into being FedEx, UPS, Airborne Express, and so on. These new bearers liquidate attending to rush, tracking, charge, quality of service and mechanization. They similarly devised systems that did nt go through the center of town, except for concluding bringing, and did nt alter custodies en path. And eventually, they offered tonss of optional services to do flavour easier for both shipper and receiver.Home bringing substructureAs plowshare of Infrastructure enlargement programs of its U.S. bringing web, FedEx Corp. will add another 9 distribution hubs, conveying its entire figure of hubs to 39. In add-on, a new home-delivery installation planned for Florida wi ll be able to treat more than 10,000 bundles per hr.The three hubs that are under construction are in Dallas, Cincinnati and Hagerstown, MD, the 4th hub in Memphis, TN. The hub enlargement undertaking will besides spread out the 30 bing hubs this will about duplicate the company s mean day-to-day hub bundle volume capacity by the terminal of its 2010 financial twelvemonth.The enlargement undertaking will back up a crisp growing in FedEx s cargos to consumers on behalf of on-line retail merchants. The new Florida orbiter distribution centre, in Pompano Beach near Fort Lauderdale, will be three times the size of the two bing installations have, and will open with a work force of about 356 employees and independent contractors, an addition from the current combined figure of 200 employees and independent contractors.FedEx Smart Post s best-of-breed engineering ensures fleet bundle processing and bringing. This engineering provides shipment visibleness throughout the bringing procedur e of the bundles maculation they are en path to their finishs. This enables to cognize ever where the bundles are and where they re traveling following.Advanced control systems, sophisticated automated sorters, and state of the art data-collection devices enable FedEx to roll up elaborate information about every bundle. And the extremely adept logistics squad is to the full equipped to screen 100s of 1000s of bundles each twenty-four hours.The client tools are housed on a secure Web site, customized to run into the alone demands of each client. These tools provide seasonably entree to box bringing information, logistics analysis, establish item, and charge statements, every bit good as the ability to make necessary studies needed in be aftering the bundle bringing scheme.As a leader in the bundle bringing industry, FedEx provides with informations and coverage needed to analyze and heighten logistics operations on an on-going fundament.Virtual information substructure at FedEx Co rporation.though FedEx began as an express air bringing company in the early 1970s, it has successfully transformed itself into an integrated transit and logistics service supplier. A major portion of FedEx s success is straight attributed to its committed usage of information engineering ( IT ) . IT has non merely facilitated its concern procedures like operations, client service and employee preparation but besides integrated its information web with that of its clients to supply them with seamless logistic and supply concatenation solutions.Dennis Jones, former Chief Information Officer ( CIO ) of FedEx says IT ( information engineering ) is a map that has a strategic value because the kernel of our concern is taking a basic service and adding information engineering services to transform into a value added merchandise. And that is really of import. Any company can travel freight from point A to point B. But the manner you make it a important merchandise to your client is to wr ap it with intensive information engineering capablenesss .Leveraging Information TechnologyIn the late seventiess, FedEx saw a great benefit in utilizing IT to simplify its concern procedures. Smith had really early on understood that velocity, dependability and client service was an indispensable factor for success in the planetary transit industry.IT in Human ResourcesFedEx had in topographic point Interactive Video Instructions ( IVI ) that allowed employees to take advantage of slack periods to develop themselves at any clip of the twenty-four hours. The plan was used for preparation and trial readying ( Customer service employees at FedEx were tested twice a twelvemonth on occupation information ) .IT in Customer ServiceFedEx besides used IT to better upon its client service, by supervising assorted facets of a client s relations. The end was to accomplish 100 % truth, quality, and client satisfaction on all minutess. One such system that FedEx used was the Service Qualit y index ( SQI ) that quantified every portion of a dealing like Was the bundle undamaged? Was the client billed right? Using the InternetThe widespread usage of the Internet from the early 1990s threw unfastened important chances for FedEx. Since the company already had an EDI based system on which it had spent a batch of money, FedEx decided to utilize a combination of Internet and the EDI. One illustration was the effectuation done for the buying of merchandises. FedEx purchased a merchandise from a company called Ariba. Ariba was a requisitioning system that was housed on the FedEx intranet. The system was set up so that providers could keep a database of catalogs that could be accessed by any FedEx employee.The company website hosts more than 6.3 million alone visitants per month and grips on an norm over 2.4 million bundle tracking petitions daily. More than 2 million clients connected with the company electronically every twenty-four hours, and electronic minutess accounted for about two-thirds of the more than five million cargos FedEx delivered daily. FedEx operates one of the universe s largest computing machine and telecommunications networks- more than 75,000-networked computing machines and 1000s of handheld computing machines that recorded and tracked cargos. FedEx s informations centre processes more than 20 million information direction system minutess daily, more than any other US company.The company is involved in linking 39 hubs across the Earth, runing 677 planes and 90,000 vehicles, supervising 200,000 employees and presenting six million bundles daily in 220 states where every second was of import. This is the FEDEX EDGE , for which the company is known for. FedEx transformed both client and concern transit theoretical account with higher velocity, dependability, application of information engineering, improved stuff managing system and streamlined logistics web. The company popularized the constructs of just-in-time and build-to-order which reduced client s lead clip and increased productiveness. Apart from embarking into logistics solution supplier the company was able to keep its leading place in little bundle and light cargo market through its alone hub and spoke theoretical account.The consort information engineering has played in FedEx s scheme is exciting. By utilizing IT as a major portion of its concern, FedEx has reached an about wholly new assort of people. It has maintained its repute and increased its concern at the same clip. IT has created a greater chance for clients in the planetary market. They can now bespeak service, plight for that service, and track the bundle online. Customers no longer necessitate to talk to FedEx. They are now free to order as they need, 24 hours per twenty-four hours, seven yearss per hebdomad. Because of this, FedEx s scheme has changed. It is now focused on the usage of the Internet and other technological progresss. Because this is such a critical facet of the s cheme, the execution of the scheme had to be about immediate. To vie with other major concerns in the industry, FedEx had to supply a service to clients that could be accessed utilizing engineering. They besides had to supply a bundle tracking service. As they developed this service, their repute and concern grew.FedEx has done several things with its value concatenation to develop new concern. First they have ever recognized the demand to hold engineering and IT work to pass on the logistics that they run. They have developed cyberspace engineerings that work merely and expeditiously to enable clients and Sellerss to utilize FedEx as a ecstasy between. This has enabled many companies to incorporate FedEx engineering into their ain web sites for clients to utilize.Question Two Stigmatization and concern construction up until 19 January 2000Using information from the instance survey and your ain research, critically evaluate the benefits and restrictions of Merger and Acquisition ( M & A A ) strategies in the Global Transportation and Logistics Industry.Discuss how FedEx Corporation managed the eruditeness of Caliber Systems in 1998, and find whether or non the acquisition of Caliber Systems was a success or failure?Mergers & A acquisitions in the Transportation & A Logisticss industryThe Transport and Logistics ( T & A L ) sector is characterized by a important degree of denationalization, finance-raising and amalgamation and acquisition activity. Minutess are frequently complex and impacted by the regulative environment, aspiration issues, or demand for contracted subsidies to back up operations.We have witnessed many denationalizations of coach companies, ports and airdromes which have created successful private sector groups that have continued to turn via farther acquisitions. In other sections there is ongoing planetary consolidation within and between operators from the messenger, package, cargo forwarding and contract logistics arenas. Postal or ganisations and railroad companies that have historically been more nationally oriented are now seeking chances to spread out into cross-border markets driven by a more commercial focal point and broad regulative government.Transportation & A LogisticssThe Transportation & A Logistics ( T & A L ) industry forms the anchor of planetary supply ironss. Postal operators every bit good as big logistics suppliers play a dominant function as cardinal stakeholders in the T & A L industry. In recent old ages some former national Posts have undergone an extended transmutation to emerge as transnational suppliers of complex logistics and fiscal services. These evolved entities face new competition in their nucleus markets of mail bringing through the liberalisation of markets and denationalization.At the same clip, former Posts may be able to leverage their old ages of experience in roll uping, processing, transporting and presenting national and international mail in order to develop and supply a broader pallet of logistics based services, upstream with direct mail activities and downstream with bundle bringing and payment services. Further, many bing logistics and express companies have expanded good beyond simple bringing services and are now pull offing all facets of the supply concatenation. These ongoing tendencies have changed the face of an industry which has become progressively focussed on functioning clients in all parts of the universe.Amalgamations and Acquisitions Three typesAmalgamation A dealing where two houses agree to incorporate their operations on a comparatively coequal footing because they have resources and capablenesss that together may make a stronger competitory advantage.Acquisition A dealing where one house buys another house with the purpose of more efficaciously utilizing a nucleus competency by doing the acquired house a subordinate within its portfolio of concerns.Coup detat An acquisition where the mark house did non beg the look ou t over of the geting house.Problems inAchieving SuccessIntegrationDifficulties/CulturesInadequaterating of markExcessively muchvariegationLarge orextraordinary debtInability toachieve synergismDirectors excessivelyfocused on acquisitionsToo bigIncreasedmarket powerOvercome ententry barriersLower risk of infectioncompared to developing new merchandisesCost of newmerchandise festeringIncreased velocityto marketIncreasedvariegationAvoid inordinatecompetitionAcquisitionsReasons forAcquisitionsBenefits of AcquisitionsIncreased Market Power Acquisition intended to cut down the competitory eternal sleep of the industryOvercome Barriers to Entries Acquisitions overcome dearly-won barriers to entry which may do start-ups economically unattractiveLower Cost and Risk of New Product festering Buying established concerns reduces hazard of start-up venturesIncreased Speed to Market Closely related to Barriers to Entry, allows market entry in a more timely mannerDiversification Quick manner to travel into concerns when house presently lacks experience and deepness in industryReshaping Competitive Scope Firms may utilize acquisitions to dress its dependance on a individual or a few merchandises or marketsProblems with AcquisitionsMerely a fiscal squad assembled and they make the determination ( should hold two squads one fiscal and one organisational where the organisational Team says Yes or No Integration Troubles Differing fiscal and control systems can do integrating of houses hardInadequate military rating of Target Winners Curse command causes acquirer to overpay for houseLarge or Extraordinary Debt Costly debt can make burdensome load on hard currency escapesInability to Achieve Synergy Justifying acquisitions can increase estimation of expected benefitsExcessively Diversified Acquirer does nt hold expertness requisite to pull off unrelated concernsDirectors Excessively Focused on Acquisitions Directors may neglect to objectively measure the value of r esults achieved through the house s acquisition schemeExcessively Large Large bureaucratism reduces invention and flexiblenessFedEx Corporation has made 31 acquisitions while taking bets in 3 companies. FedEx Corporation has 22 divestitures during this period.FedEx-Caliber AmalgamationReason for Merger FedEx and Caliber believe that the combination of the two companies will allow their clients to take advantage of a broader portfolio of services and picks at a degree of excellence unmatched by any rival. Stockholders of both companies will go shareholders of a $ 15 billion human dynamo in planetary transit and logistics.When FedEx announced in October 1997 that it was purchasing Caliber System for $ 2.4 billion, perceivers warned that the amalgamation could interrupt FedEx s already profitable express transportation concern. Perceivers were incorrect. FedEx finalized its Caliber System amalgamation in January 1998, and by the terminal of that twelvemonth, the new company, FDX, was p osting a seven per centum addition over the same one-fourth the twelvemonth earlier. Domestic income grew 30 per centum that period, from $ 168 million to $ 217 million. The company claimed that its tough cost controls and low fuel fiscal values contributed to this short-run growing. FedEx subordinates that came from Caliber Systems besides grew. RPS, the largest subordinate besides FedEx, grew 14 per centum for the period, while Viking Freight grew seven per centum.In the long-run, the amalgamation strengthened FedEx s overall wellness. UPS mostly rebounded from a stultifying 15-day work stoppage in 1997, and now the two companies compete head-to-head for the express-shipping concern in most markets. While FedEx does conflict, several smaller companies continue their dependable service for niche markets, such as logistics operations, business-to-business transit, overseas transportation, and little bundle bringing. FedEx has ensured its long-run endurance by purchasing several of these smaller companies. After the Caliber System amalgamation, FedEx included six runing divisions FedEx RPS, the second-largest small-package transportation concern Roberts Express, the universe s largest express hauling house Viking Freight, a prima regional hauling company Caliber Logistics, a logistics outsourcing house and Caliber Technology, an order accomplishment operation.Question Three Events taking up to the January 2000 reorganizationUsing appropriate illustrations from FedEx Corporation, critically evaluate FedEx s fiscal and non-financial public presentation in the context of developments in the Internet market and e-tailing up to the January 2000 reorganization.Fiscal Performance AnalysisFedEx has an impressive public presentation record. In 1998 they had grosss of $ 15.9 billion adult 15 per centum from 1997. Gross saless have been turning steadily for the past five old ages. The net income, though, is nt that impressive. It even declined in 1997, from the lifting fuel costs during that twelvemonth. However, in 1998 it grew from $ 200,000 to $ 500,000. That could be from decrease in operating costs, or from the acquisition of the subordinates which had lower operating costs compared to Federal Express.FedEx s fiscal statements shows that its assets have non been utilized every bit good as other houses in their industry, but their profitableness is better than other industry houses. Still they must diminish merchandising and administrative disbursals while increasing gross revenues. Many of their technological promotions have been financed chiefly with ingrained hard currency, which decreases long-run debt. Future assets perchance and should be invested in the international market and new concerns, while still puting a nice per centum for technological promotions. Today FedEx has a competitory advantage over other houses and if they continue the patterns that they have in the past, while besides opening up to new thoughts, FedEx will hindrance a human dynamo in the bundle bringing industry.The fiscal ratios for FedEx clearly show that it is the market leader in this industry, have outstanding gross revenues, a healthy net income, and a safe sum of debt. These ratios over clip demo a steady addition, except for twelvemonth 1997, where fuel costs impairment FedEx deeply.Company AnalysisIn this subdivision we shall discourse FedEx s strengths and failings as a company, chances and menaces.S.W.O.T. AnalysisCompany Strengths and Resource CapabilitiesGlobalism Federal Express operates on a planetary graduated table in 211 states. They provide services that appeal to most of the universe, realize enormous grosss and besides achieve planetary economic systems of graduated table.Invention Federal Express took aeroplanes and trucks and used them otherwise than any other company before them. This is invention. They have first-mover advantage in name acknowledgment because of this invention. This has helped them to stay t he industry leader since 1973.Technology and Communication Federal Express utilizations and continues to seek for new engineering. They allow passing of $ 1billion a twelvemonth, 10 % of entire grosss, for information engineering. That commitment keeps clients from exchanging to other suppliers. Federal Express besides has first-class communicating with their clients. They use tracking devices on all cargos, and clients can happen out where their cargo is through many different avenues including a user-friendly Web site. Federal Express clients are assured that FedEx will ever be on top of engineering.Strategic Vision Federal Express will ever hold competent top directors in charge of strategic way. Frederick Smith built an industry leader, and kept it in that place since 1973.First-Mover utility Federal Express has had first-mover advantage in several countries. ( 1 ) Bing a planetary express transit company. ( 2 ) Advanced engineering and communicating throughout the company s o perations. ( 3 ) Integrating smaller companies with similar operations under its belt to synergize and command more of the market.Strong Brand Image In 1990, Federal Express became the first company awarded the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award in the service class. In 1994, Federal Express became the first planetary express transit company to obtain coincident system-wide ISO 9001 enfranchisement in international quality criterions. Federal Express has besides developed their ain quality system that matches their client s criterions.Company Weaknesses and Resource LacksRising Monetary values Federal Express monetary values are above their rivals . This can be a failing if their clients do non comprehend a difference between Federal Express and its rivals services.Labor Disputes with Pilots Federal Express pilots have formed the Fedex Pilots Association. This organisation demanded alterations in the pilots wages, retirement benefits, and the fact that Federal Express outso urces some foreign flights alternatively of giving their ain pilots the occupation. The pilots have a Web site where countersign is posted and feelings are discussed. During the busy Christmas season in 1998, the pilots threatened to strike. Federal Express and the Fedex Pilots Association have developed a probationary understanding, which is published on the pilots Web site. However, the pilots do non believe this understanding to the full meets their outlooks. This difference is decidedly an internal failing for Federal Express, sing they have 3,500 pilots employed with them. Their operations would defy if there were work stoppages. When UPS employees went on work stoppage in 1997, Federal Express took the excess 800,000 cargos a twenty-four hours. If Federal Express employees went on work stoppage, their rivals could derive an advantage.Runing Subordinates Individually FDX has intentionally chosen to maintain their companies separate. In FDX s 1998 Annual Report, CEO Frederick Smith provinces, Simply layering the alone resource and operating demands of a time-definite, planetary, express-delivery web onto a day-definite, land small-package web would certainly ensue in lessened service quality and increased costs. Under the FDX umbrella, we will leverage our overlap strengths while runing each bringing web independently, with each focused on its several markets. Frederick Smith is confident this will be a strength, alternatively of a failing. Time will state.Company Opportunities expanding upon Globally Federal Express can go on to spread out globally, including the other companies under FedEX.Expansion Internally Federal Express can go on to get more companies, and spread out into new engineerings or countries in their industry.Run Subsidiaries unitedly If FDX does nt gain from running the subordinates individually, they can alter to incorporating their operations to accomplish better synergisms and economic systems of graduated table.Contracts with Large Corporations To remain the industry leader, Federal Express should spring contracts with companies who will add cost-saving or value-adding benefits to their services.Joint-Ventures Federal Express can organize joint ventures, such as already with Netscape and American Express, to bask the growing of incorporating their client bases.Expansion of e-commerce Federal Express already has a major presence of transporting online. They should maintain happening Internet companies to contract bringing of their merchandises. Since the growing of e-commerce is rapid now, Federal Express could bask both net incomes and trade name name acknowledgment from this sort of enlargement.Company ThreatsY2k Problem If Federal Express communicating and tracking systems are nt really Year 2000 ready, they will see lost cargos, lost clients, and lost net incomes. This is a menace for every concern, but a planetary company will be affected on a larger graduated table.Community Responsibility in the U.S. Federal Express might be capable to community disapproval in enlargement within the United States. Right now, Federal Express has programs to construct a 2nd super-hub in Greensboro, NC. The airdrome is supportive, but the citizens of the community are non. Federal Express has to make up ones mind whether the community support or constructing the centre is more of import.Relationss with Foreign States with Federal Express enlargements globally, they are capable to Torahs and ordinances of all foreign states. There could be major jobs in this country, stunting growing and elevation costs. Already, Great Britain will non allow Federal Express fly their ain planes for cargos. Federal Express must either lade their lading on to British planes, or usage land transit. This is really inefficient for Federal Express nevertheless, it keeps competition out for British Air Transportation companies. Everywhere Federal Express goes, they are at hazard for ordinances that hinder their op erations or efficiency.Economic and Political Conditionss Federal Express is capable to the full universe s economic and political office in the countries of fuel monetary values and supply, client purchase of their services, and dealingss with foreign states. As a planetary company, they are capable to much more hazard than domestic companies.Industry Prospects and Overall AttractivenessA tendency among Air Freight shippers is to utilize the Internet for communicating with clients and even obtaining transporting contracts with companies selling on the Internet. This alinement with the fastest-growing industry will convey exponential growing to the Air Freight industry, above and beyond what they would usually hold realized without this. This industry would stay attractive, with niggardness on competition for market portion, service distinction, and trade name image.RecommendationsBased on the company history, company analysis, industry analysis and public presentation analysis, w e have the succeeding(prenominal) recommendations for Federal Express.Ensure that the employees, particularly pilots, are good compensated. Since Federal Express is a service company, employees are critical to its success. Place pilots wages at or above the industry norm. They need to keep a strong presence on the Internet, in instance of a shakedown, and happen ways to do their e-commerce user-friendly and profitable. They need to maintain monetary values within 10 % of their rivals monetary values, or do certain that their clients view their service as worth the monetary value.

Corporate Structure

Demand for manifestation has been spurred by discipline asymmetry and agency conflict among solicitude and investors. Good corporeal complex body part principles are the foundation upon which trust of investors and lenders is built, corporate politics is a philosophy and mechanism that entails putting in place part structures and processes through which the affairs of a social club are directed and managed to enhance long term donationholders look on through transparency and account big businessman.Previous empirical studies on the association surrounded by personify of candor crown and voluntary disclosure have documented confusing results, Botosan and Plumlee (2002) found a positive association exists between voluntary disclosure and cost of rectitude upper-case letter while Gietzmann and Ireland (2005) found a negative relationship between disclosure and cost of capital.Increased use of corporate governance all over the world has risen after major corporate scand als due to lack or improper corporate disclosure, this has resulted to investors and lenders recidivate confidence in the traditional financial report. Transparency and disclosure creates and sustains confidence of investors, stakeholders and the winder society and provides opportunity for continuous improvement of business structure and processes this has resulted to re-examination and scrutiny of the existing corporate disclosure thus spurring the need for expanding the existing disclosure policy.Voluntary disclosure, being one key pillar of corporate governance is regarded as an external mechanism for the control of the management, protection of the shareholders and a decrease of the agency costs resulting from information asymmetry between the management and shareholders. Botosan (2002) observed that firms which release more information in their annual reports enjoy the benefit of lower cost of capital.The current growing trend towards increased corporate disclosure go a gov ernment agency soon transform into a veritable river of additional information.Although the purpose of disclosure is to provide adequate and sufficient information to the various stakeholders, managers may choose non to disclosure certain information in orders to protect competitive advantage Kavitha and Nandagopal,(2011).Studies have shown that public firms are careful about disclosing information that might data track to competitive disadvantage, example, information about technological innovations, strategic and specific operation data Elliott and Jacobson (1994). The decision on the optimal level of disclosure is thus bear on by the interplay between the costs and the benefits of disclosure.1.2 Voluntary Disclosure Elements of voluntary disclosure will be classified into four classes of information disclosure as forward-looking, financial, corporate social responsibility and gore coat. Voluntary disclosure is regarded as an important economic tool that aids communicating in formation to different mart players in an industry with an aim of providing clear view about businesss long term sustainability.Information disclosure conveys corporations information to the owners, stakeholders and general public about the quality and value of the corporation Hamrouni et al.,(2015).Corporate disclosure falls into two categories, mandatory disclosure and voluntary disclosure covering all suits of information, both of financial and non-financial in nature.Laws, regulations and accounting standards fix mandatory information disclosure whereas voluntary disclosure is the information reported beyond the statutory requirements. Meek el al, (1995) defines voluntary disclosure as the vindicate option on the part of the company management to provide accounting and other information deemed pertinent to the decision needs of users of their annual reports.The extent and type of voluntary disclosure is dependent of the industry, size, governance structure, ownership struc ture and geographic region. Boesso and Kumar (2007) claimed that one of the determinants that led to the emergence of voluntary disclosure was the inadequacy of financial reporting as claimed by investors and shareholders .Investors increasingly demanded openness and disclosure of information relating to performance and strategies. Organizations gains some benefit by virtue of disclosing sustainably over and above the statutory needed information. Li and McConomy (1999) found that firms in better financial conditions are more likely to voluntarily adopt new International Financial Reporting Standards (IRFS) on environmental disclosure and hence become more profitable and reduce the cost of compliance.Spanheimer and Koch (2000) noted the primary motive for adopting informative accounting as the gateway to global funding, worldwide comparability of financial statements, increased transparency and pressure from capital markets. Ross (1997) found that companies that provide more infor mation disclosures reduced the occurrence of information asymmetry between the owners and manager, subsequently get to enjoy low cost of capital.The benefits of disclosure are for example, increased share price will lower cost of capital resulting from a firms full disclosure Nayak, (2012). Investors and creditors are better informed with a mettlesome level of disclosure reservation them understand the economic bump of the coronation Elliott and Jacobsom, (1994).Disclosure is generally done in the company annual report either through the statements or notes accompanying the statements. The disclosure elements in the hire for measuring the level of voluntary disclosure will include forward-looking information, financial and capital information, corporate social responsibility information and board size information.Forward-looking information represents one form of corporate disclosure. It provides a confidence signaling power to the stakeholder in the management capability to fo resee the future prospects of the business. accord to Celik et al. (2006) forward-looking information helps to forestall the future of a company in terms of performance and strength of the management.Management credibility is gained by accurately predicting company future forecast over and over. Even though the shareholders frequently question the management about what is going to happen to the company in future, the management cannot predict or gives a certain answer to what is going to happen but they observe market trends and then present the shareholders with explanations about what the company future prospects.Companies that respect to access external sources of finance may tend to disclose more forward-looking information to enable them gain investors confidence Clarkson, Kao and Richardson (1994). Jenkins Report (AICPA, 1994) formulated a turn of key recommendations to increase the quality of corporate reporting, which included increasing the attention for and provision of forward-looking information.Financial information disclosure helps stakeholders to evaluate company performance before making any coronation decisions about the company. Improved information disclosure does not simply bridge the information asymmetry between management and shareholders but also facilitate the functioning of the financial and economic systems. Adequate disclosure is used as a mean of attracting new investors in addition to supporting and building company reputation.To reduce vulnerability, information disclosure should be comprehensive, timely, informative and credible in nature. Financial information is derived from the financial reports lively from the books of accounts and analyzed in various categories such as the income statements, balance sheet, statement of cash flows and statements of changes in equity. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) interpreted as the way firms integrate its social, environmental and economic concerns into their value, culture, ope rations and strategies.Carroll, (1999) noted CSR as an evolving concept. Centre for corporate governance (2005) issued guidelines which encouraged companies to disclose information on CSR, ownership structure and board size (Barako, 2007). CSR efforts translate into improvements in firms financial performance. Corporate social reporting disclosure enhances company reputation by gaining trust and support from the stakeholders (Woodwar, Edwards and Birkin, 1996), additionally it helps assess congruence between the social value and social norms (Dowling and Pfeffer, 1975).CSR enables firms to access huge sum of finance that might difficult to obtain.Board size is the total number of directors on a corporate board. The board of directors is the apex organ of a company whose central role being the formulation of polices and strategies to be followed by managers in managing firms operations. Board plays an important role in maintaining effectual corporate governance. It is the Board tha t determines the amount of information disclosure by making strategic decision on the level of voluntary disclosure.Chen and Jaggi (2000) noted that greater number of directors on the board may reduce the likelihood of information asymmetry. It is believed that the size of the board affects the ability of the board to monitor and evaluate management. Increase of directors in the board will consequently increase directors ability to control and promote value creating activities.Larger board bring with them a collection of experience and expertise, therefore expanding the need for higher information disclosure, it is also argued that larger board size may find hassle in arriving at a consensus in decision which can ultimately affect the quality corporate governance while small board size encourages faster information processing .Brudbury (1992). 1.3 Cost of Equity CapitalThe cost of equity is the return that an investor expects to receive from an investment in a business. This cost r epresents the amount the market expects as compensation in exchange for owing the stock of the business, it consist of dividends and capital gains.From an investors perspective, cost of equity capital is the return he expects for a share of stock he keeps in his portfolio. Fama and French (1993) found risk growth and size as the factors that influence the required rate of return by investors. When making decisions which affect the firm, Cost of equity plays a crucial role because it affects the discount rate at which expected future cash flows are valued. In archiving an effective strategic decision making and performance evaluation, the cost of equity should be estimated with accuracy.According to Beneda (2003) the cost of equity is a vital base of comparing investment opportunities. Invertors use the concept of cost of equity as an investment opportunity in a company. Cost of equity is one of the methods used to evaluate investment decisions, example capital budgeting analysis, ch oice of capital structure and firm valuation.Larger firms are associated with lower cost of capital when compared with the smaller firms since they are in a better position to raise funds from external sources on favorable terms. Equity capital plays a fundamental role in the development of a firm due to its advantages when compared to other financing forms.The cost of equity capital is an important component with significant input in calculating the cost of capital Cotner and Fletcher (2000). It is detrimental to apply less appropriate model to estimate cost of capital, this can result to underestimation or overestimation. Underestimation may result in value destructive investments while overestimation may lead to rejection of promising investment opportunities.The cost of equity capital is a key indicator of operations in the financial markets and is used by managers and financial resource providers. Clear financial statements reduce uncertainties associated with shareholders equi ty lending to decrease in the cost of equity while incomplete and unclear financial statements increases uncertainty hence causing information risk to shareholders who hence demand higher return.The cost of equity capital is of importance in two folds securities valuation models are based on the cost of equity capital and without cost of equity capital it is impractible to invest company money as it is difficult to determine capital structure hence unable to determine investment priority (Ahmend, 2007). Manager being agents of the shareholders try defame the cost of equity hence maximizing shareholders wealth at this same time improving the value of the company.In most financial decisions, cost of equity is an effective determinant factor. Cost of equity is used in capital budgeting decisions, setting optimal structure and working capital management. Implementing corporate governance practice, the high cost of equity capital problem is overcome.The higher level of voluntary disclos ure the lower investor uncertainty, with lower uncertainty investors will be willing to birth lower dividend payouts. A lower dividend stream would decrease the cost of equity capital because of a lower risk premium expected by the investors. set about risk premium demanded by investors translate into a lower cost of equity capital of the firm.Voluntary disclosure reduces the cost of equity capital in two ways which are based on enhanced stock market liquidity and on the reduced non-diversifiable estimation risk. More voluntary disclosure reduces investor uncertainty and attracts long term investments. Determinants of the cost of equity capital can be categorized into two variables measured on accounting information only (accounting based) and variables measured on relations between market data and accounting data (market based).